Acid Reflux & Heartburn
Medically Reviewed & Fact-CheckedBy MD, Emergency Medicine & Internal Medicine
Reviewed: 9/6/2026Overview
Heartburn (pyrosis) is a substernal burning sensation radiating upwards toward the mouth, caused by retrograde flow of gastric acid and pepsin past an incompetent lower esophageal sphincter (LES) into the esophagus.
Possible Causes
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
- Hiatal Hernia
- Gastric delayed emptying (Gastroparesis)
- Trigger foods (caffeine, chocolate, high-fat meals, alcohol, spicy meals)
- Pregnancy-related intra-abdominal pressure
When to Seek Care
Consult your physician if heartburn occurs more than twice weekly, requires daily OTC antacids, or causes food to feel "stuck" in your chest during swallowing.
The information provided on this website is for educational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.